What are the causes of mental retardation?

What are the causes of mental retardation?

What causes intellectual disability?

• trauma before birth, such as an infection or exposure to alcohol, drugs, or other toxins.
• trauma during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or premature delivery.
• inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay-Sachs disease.
• chromosome abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

What is the commonest cause of mental retardation?

Down’s syndrome is the most common specific cause of mental retardation, followed by the Fragile X syndrome, which mainly affects boys.

What are the causes and symptoms of mental retardation?

Low IQ scores and limitations in adaptive skills are the hallmarks of mental retardation. Aggression, self-injury, and mood disorders are sometimes associated with the disability. The severity of the symptoms and the age at which they first appear depend on the cause.

What are the five causes of mental retardation?

What causes intellectual disability?

• Genetic conditions. These include things like Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.
• Problems during pregnancy.
• Problems during childbirth.
• Illness or injury.
• None of the above.

What is the major cause of mental retardation in phenylketonuria?

1) deficiency. PAH is a liver-specific enzyme that catalyses the hydroxylation of l-phenylalanine (Phe) to l-tyrosine in the presence of the cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Accumulation of phenylalanine generates a brain damage and consequently irreversible mental retardation.

What are the three major causes of mental retardation?

Causes of mental retardation include fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effect; brain damage caused by the use of prescription or illegal drugs during pregnancy; brain injury and disease; and genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.

What are the four types of mental retardation?

The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70), moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25).

What are exogenous causes of mental retardation?

Exogenous (or reactive) depression is triggered by an outside stressor such as the loss of a loved one, getting divorced, or losing your job. 2 People who experience or witness a traumatic event may develop depression as a direct result of that exposure.

Does PKU lead to mental retardation?

After all, PKU is a rare, genetic disorder of amino acid metabolism identified at birth by pediatricians and treated by geneticists. But, PKU is also a disorder that, if left untreated, leads to severe behavioral difficulties and ultimately mental retardation.

What are some early signs of mental retardation?

Some of the most common signs of intellectual disability are: Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late. Talking late or having trouble with talking. Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself. Difficulty remembering things.

What are the main symptoms of mental retardation?

Difficulty speaking.

Slow in learning important things,like dressing and eating.

Difficulties in controlling emotions,such as irritability.

Inability to understand the consequences of actions taken.

Bad reasoning and difficult problem-solving.

Poor memory.

What is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation?

Down’s is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation, and Fragile X is second to Down’s. The point here is that they are both genetic defects, but Down’s is congenital whereas Fragile X is inherited.

How many people are affected by mental retardation?

Mental retardation can affect 1% of the total population worldwide. Out of the affected population, the learning skills and intellectual ability varies. Some learn only a little slower than the average people.